向bash脚本添加参数 #
basic #
─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 10:37:24
╰─❯ cat ./16myscript_cls.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "You entered the argument: $1,$2,$3, and $4."
结果
╭─ ~/shellTest 16s ly@vmmin 10:37:18
╰─❯ ./16myscript_cls.sh Linux1 Linux2
You entered the argument: Linux1,Linux2,, and .
示例1 #
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 10:41:45
╰─❯ cat ./16myscript_cls.sh
#!/bin/bash
ls -lh $1
#echo "You entered the argument: $1,$2,$3, and $4."
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 10:41:28
╰─❯ ./16myscript_cls.sh /etc
total 792K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.0K May 25 2023 adduser.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44 Dec 17 15:26 adjtime
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194 Dec 23 22:38 aliases
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Dec 23 22:38 alternatives
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Dec 17 15:24 apparmor
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4.0K Dec 17 15:25 apparmor.d
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4.0K Dec 17 15:30 apt
-rw-r----- 1 root daemon 144 Oct 16 2022 at.deny
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.0K Mar 30 2024 bash.bashrc
示例2 #
#!/bin/bash
lines=$(ls -lh $1 | wc -l) #行计数
echo "You hava $(($lines-1)) objects in the $1 directory."
#$(($lines-1))这里用到了子shell
#echo "You entered the argument: $1,$2,$3, and $4."
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 10:48:06
╰─❯ ls -lh logfiles
total 12K
-rw-r--r-- 1 ly ly 0 Dec 22 23:07 a.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 ly ly 120 Dec 22 23:17 a.log.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 ly ly 0 Dec 22 23:07 b.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 ly ly 121 Dec 22 23:17 b.log.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 ly ly 0 Dec 22 23:07 c.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 ly ly 121 Dec 22 23:17 c.log.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 ly ly 0 Dec 22 23:15 xx.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 ly ly 0 Dec 22 23:15 y.txt
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 10:48:10
╰─❯ ./16myscript_cls.sh logfiles
You hava 8 objects in the logfiles directory.
head，表示前十行，可以看出total这些被算作一行了，所以上面的shell中-1
─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 10:57:19
╰─❯ ls -l /etc | head
total 792
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3040 May 25 2023 adduser.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44 Dec 17 15:26 adjtime
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194 Dec 23 22:38 aliases
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 23 22:38 alternatives
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 17 15:24 apparmor
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Dec 17 15:25 apparmor.d
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Dec 17 15:30 apt
-rw-r----- 1 root daemon 144 Oct 16 2022 at.deny
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1994 Mar 30 2024 bash.bashrc
不输入参数的情形 #
可以看出，其实就是应用到当前文件夹了
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 11:02:35
╰─❯ ./16myscript_cls.sh logfiles
You hava 8 objects in the logfiles directory.
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 11:02:39
╰─❯ ./16myscript_cls.sh
You hava 29 objects in the directory.
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 11:02:44
╰─❯ ls -l | wc -l
30
参数判断 #
#!/bin/bash
# $#表示用户传到脚本中的参数数量
if [ $# -ne 1 ] #[]左右两边都一定要有空格
then
echo "This script requires xxxxone directory path passed to it."
echo "Please try again."
exit 1
fi
lines=$(ls -lh $1 | wc -l)
echo "You hava $(($lines-1)) objects in the $1 directory."
#echo "You entered the argument: $1,$2,$3, and $4."
执行
╭─ ~/shellTest 4m 3s ly@vmmin 11:09:41
╰─❯ ./16myscript_cls.sh
This script requires xxxxone directory path passed to it.
Please try again.
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 11:09:45
╰─❯ ./16myscript_cls.sh logfiles
You hava 8 objects in the logfiles directory.
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 11:09:55
╰─❯ ./16myscript_cls.sh logfiles x b
This script requires xxxxone directory path passed to it.
Please try again.
创建备份脚本 #
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 12:41:11
╰─❯ cat ./17myscript_cls.sh
#!/bin/bash
#如果参数个数不是2则退出，并指定exitCode为1
if [ $# -ne 2 ]
then
echo "Usage: backup.sh <source_directory> <target_directory>"
echo "Please try again."
exit 1
fi
# check rsync installed
#发送标准错误和标准输出到/dev/null
#command -v rsync > /dev/null 2>&1 这条命令，若rsync存在则返回零（真），否则返回非零（假）
if ! command -v rsync > /dev/null 2>&1
then
echo "This script requires rsync to be installed."
echo "Please use your distribution's package manager to install it and try again."
#指定exitCode
exit 2
fi
#格式化date输出，即YYYY-MM-DD
current_date=$(date +%Y-%m-%d)
# -a 保留所有元数据，权限等
# -v 详细显示输出
#-b、--backup参数指定在删除或更新目标目录已经存在的文件时，将该文件更名后进行备份，默认行为是删除。更名规则是添加由--suffix参数指定的文件后缀名，默认是~。
#--backup-dir参数指定文件备份时存放的目录，比如--backup-dir=/path/to/backups
# --delete 确保目标目录是源目录的克隆（完全克隆，不多不少）
# --dry-run 尝试执行操作
rsync_options="-avb --backup-dir $2/$current_date --delete --dry-run"
#rsync_options="-avb --backup-dir $2/$current_date --delete "
# $1是源目录
$(which rsync) $rsync_options $1 $2/current >> backup_$current_date.log
运行脚本 #
会提示rsync还没有安装，需要安装
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:41:04
╰─❯ nano 17myscript_cls.sh
╭─ ~/shellTest 27s ly@vmmin 14:41:35
╰─❯ ./17myscript_cls.sh logfiles backup
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:41:45
╰─❯ ./17myscript_cls.sh logfiles/ backup
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:41:49
╰─❯ cat backup_2024-12-24.log
sending incremental file list
created directory backup/current
logfiles/
logfiles/a.log
logfiles/a.log.tar.gz
logfiles/b.log
logfiles/b.log.tar.gz
logfiles/c.log
logfiles/c.log.tar.gz
logfiles/xx.txt
logfiles/y.txt
sent 279 bytes received 81 bytes 720.00 bytes/sec
total size is 362 speedup is 1.01 (DRY RUN)
sending incremental file list
created directory backup/current
./
a.log
a.log.tar.gz
b.log
b.log.tar.gz
c.log
c.log.tar.gz
xx.txt
y.txt
sent 254 bytes received 80 bytes 668.00 bytes/sec
total size is 362 speedup is 1.08 (DRY RUN)
backup是空白，因为这只是试运行./17myscript_cls.sh logfiles backup和./17myscript_cls.sh logfiles/ backup的区别，后者备份文件夹logfiles下所有文件，而前者备份logfiles(包括文件夹自身)整个文件夹
把 --dry-run去掉后运行
#
文件查看
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:42:53
╰─❯ ls backup
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:43:03
╰─❯ nano 17myscript_cls.sh
#第一次备份
╭─ ~/shellTest 8s ly@vmmin 14:43:17
╰─❯ ./17myscript_cls.sh logfiles/ backup
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:43:28
╰─❯ ls backup
current
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:43:42
╰─❯ ls backup/current
a.log a.log.tar.gz b.log b.log.tar.gz c.log c.log.tar.gz xx.txt y.txt
日志查看
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:43:46
╰─❯ cat backup_2024-12-24.log
sending incremental file list
created directory backup/current
logfiles/
logfiles/a.log
logfiles/a.log.tar.gz
logfiles/b.log
logfiles/b.log.tar.gz
logfiles/c.log
logfiles/c.log.tar.gz
logfiles/xx.txt
logfiles/y.txt
sent 279 bytes received 81 bytes 720.00 bytes/sec
total size is 362 speedup is 1.01 (DRY RUN)
sending incremental file list
created directory backup/current
./
a.log
a.log.tar.gz
b.log
b.log.tar.gz
c.log
c.log.tar.gz
xx.txt
y.txt
sent 254 bytes received 80 bytes 668.00 bytes/sec
total size is 362 speedup is 1.08 (DRY RUN)
sending incremental file list
created directory backup/current
./
a.log
a.log.tar.gz
b.log
b.log.tar.gz
c.log
c.log.tar.gz
xx.txt
y.txt
sent 916 bytes received 208 bytes 2,248.00 bytes/sec
total size is 362 speedup is 0.32
此时在logfiles里新建一个文件以及更新一个文件
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:43:50
╰─❯ touch logfiles/testfile.txt
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:46:48
╰─❯ touch logfiles/a.log
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:47:20
╰─❯ rm backup_2024-12-24.log
#第二次备份
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:48:22
╰─❯ ./17myscript_cls.sh logfiles/ backup
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:49:16
╰─❯ cat backup_2024-12-24.log
sending incremental file list
./
a.log
testfile.txt
sent 339 bytes received 57 bytes 792.00 bytes/sec
total size is 362 speedup is 0.91
查看此时真实目录
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:54:58
╰─❯ ls
10_1myscript_cls.sh 17myscript_cls.sh 62myscript_cls.sh 91myscript_cls.sh
11_1myscript_cls.sh 2myscript_cls.sh 63myscript_cls.sh 92myscript_cls.sh
11_2myscript_cls.sh 31myscript_cls.sh 64myscript_cls.sh backup
12myscript_cls.sh 32myscript_cls.sh 65myscript_cls.sh backup_2024-12-24.log
13myscript_cls.sh 51myscript_cls.sh 71myscript_cls.sh logfiles
14myscript_cls.sh 52myscript_cls.sh 72myscript_cls.sh package_install_results.log
15myscript_cls.sh 53myscript_cls.sh 81myscript_cls.sh package_isntall_failure.log
16myscript_cls.sh 61myscript_cls.sh 82myscript_cls.sh
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:55:37
╰─❯ ls backup/current
a.log backup b.log.tar.gz c.log.tar.gz xx.txt
a.log.tar.gz b.log c.log testfile.txt y.txt
#这里会发现，他在替换成新文件前，把旧的文件拷贝到备份文件夹中了
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:55:42
╰─❯ ls backup/current/backup/2024-12-24
a.log
我又修改了一次a.log，变成了这样(深层次)
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:55:53
╰─❯ touch logfiles/a.log
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:57:52
╰─❯ ./17myscript_cls.sh logfiles/ backup
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:57:57
╰─❯ cat backup_2024-12-24.log
sending incremental file list
./
a.log
testfile.txt
sent 336 bytes received 57 bytes 786.00 bytes/sec
total size is 362 speedup is 0.92
sending incremental file list
deleting backup/2024-12-24/a.log
cannot delete non-empty directory: backup/2024-12-24
cannot delete non-empty directory: backup
a.log
sent 295 bytes received 165 bytes 920.00 bytes/sec
total size is 362 speedup is 0.79
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:58:00
╰─❯ ls backup/current/backup/2024-12-24
a.log backup #注意，这里对a.log又进行了backup备份
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:58:17
╰─❯ ls backup/current/backup/2024-12-24/backup
2024-12-24
╭─ ~/shellTest ly@vmmin 14:58:23
╰─❯ ls backup/current/backup/2024-12-24/backup/2024-12-24
a.log